• Etymology
• Names of provinces
• Names of counties
• Names of cities
• Names of towns
• Names of streets

Etymology
Common prefixes- and -suffixes found in Irish place names include:

• -agh (ach) - field
• -allen (álainn) - lovely or beautiful
• -alt (aillte) - cliff
• -alty (aillte) - cliff
• ard- (ard) - hill or high place
• -arney (airne) - sloe berries
• -asloe (ath slua) - ford crowd
• ath- (áth) - ford
• ballin- (baile na) - A town, farm or place
• bally- (baile) - A town, farm or place (or in several instances, béal átha - mouth of the ford)
• -bawn (bán) - white
• -ban (bán) - white
• -beg (beag) - small
• -bere (bheartá) - bear
• bel- (béal) - mouth
• -bofine (bó finne) - cow white or clear
• -boy (buí) - yellow
• bun- bottom or end (e.g. the mouth of a river)
• caher- (cathair) - fort or monastic settlement
• cahir- (cathair) - fort or monastic settlement
• carn- (carn) - burial mound
• carrick- (carraig) rock or a castle built on rock
• carrig- (carraig) rock or a castle built on rock
• carry/carrick- (carraig) - rock
• cashel- ring fort
• -casslagh (caslach) - inlet
• castle- (caisléan) - castle
• clon- (cluain) - a meadow or pasture
• -cool (cúil) - secluded place
• -coole (cúil) - secluded place
• -croghery (crochaire) - hangman
• -curry (coire) - cauldren or pot
• -dalough (dá loch) - two lake(s)
• derr- (doire) - grove of oak trees
• derry- (doire) - grove
• dona- (domhnach) - church
• doon- (dún) - fort
• -doonvarna (dún bhearna) - fort broken or damaged
• dub- (dubh) - black
• -duff (dubh) - black
• dun- (dún) - fort
• ennis- (inis) - island or land by a river
• -fert (fhearta) - grave
• -finn (fionn) - clear
• -free (fraoigh) - heath
• -gall (gall) - foreigners (English)
• -garrif (garbh) - rocky or rugged
• glas- (glas) - green
• -glass (glas, ghlas) - green
• glen- (gleann) - a valley
• gort- (gort) - field
• -herin (iarainn) - iron
• -inagh (inaach) - place
• inch- (inis) - island
• -inch (hInse) - island or river meadow
• inish- (inis) - island or strand
• -ish (uisce) - water
• kill- (cill) - church
• kin- (cionn) - head
• knock- (cnoc) - hill
• -lar (lár, láir) - middle or centre
• -lare (lár, láir) - middle or centre
• -lease (léis) - huts
• letter- (leitir) - hillside
• -lin (linn) - pool
• lis- (lis) - enclosure or ring fort
• lough- (loch) - lake
• mainistir - abbey or monastary
• -mead (mheá) - mead, an alcoholic drink
• -mel (meala) - honey
• mon- (muine) - tree grove or bog
• money- (muine) - tree grove or bog
• -more (mór) - big
• moy- (ma, magh) plain, flat land
• muck (muc, muic) - pig, pigs
• -namon (ban mna) - women
• -new (bhua) - victory
• owen- (abhainn) - river
• -quin (chaoin) - pleasant or nice
• rath- (rath) - fort (or monestary)
• -rea (riach) - grey
• ros- (ros) - wood or headland
• -ross (ros) - wood or headland
• -rue (rua) - red
• -sale (saile) - sea
• -shrule - stream
• slieve- (sliabh) - mountain
• tobar- (tobar) - well
• tubber- (tobar) - well
• tulla- (tullach) little hill
• tully- (tullach) little hill
• -ure (iúir) - yew tree
• -valley (bhealaigh) - road
• -villy (bhile) - sacred or old tree
• -villey (bhile) - sacred or old tree

Additional words and letters used in names:

• h - assed to a name indicates "of." This is evident in the name DoChara. Cara means friend, the addition of the 'h' makes the friend belong to someone, do chara = your friend, mo chara = my friend.
• na - between two parts of a name means "of" (as in Dún na nGall (Donegal) "fort of the foreigner"

Not all English names have simple Irish derivations. As an example, the name of the Donegal town of Ballyshannon, at first glance, derives from Baile na Sionainne, that is "Town of the Shannon." In fact, the Irish name is Béal Átha Seanaigh which means 'Mouth of Seanach's Fort.'

Names of provinces
The four provinces (cúigí - singular: cúige) are known as:

• Connacht - Connacht(a) / Cúige Chonnacht - meaning "Conn's land"
  The name derives from the Chonnachta, the large tribal grouping which dominated the west and north of Ireland in the first few centuries C.E. They claimed descent from the mythical Conn, brother of Eogan, the ancestor of the rulers of Munster, the Eoghanachta.
• Munster - An Mhumhain / Cúige Mumhan - meaning "Land of Mumha's men"
  The name is derived from the Celtic goddess, Muma. The full English name incorporates the original Gaelic, together with the Norman suffix "-ster," which is a Nordic word for state.
• Leinster - Laighin / Cúige Laighean - meaning "Land of Broad Spears"
  The name is derived from the tribe of Laigin, one of the five major Fir-Bolg tribes, who rose to dominance in ancient times.
• Ulster - Ulaidh / Cúige Uladh - meaning "Land of Ulaid's men"
  Its name derives from the Irish Cúige Uladh, meaning "Province Fifth of the Ulaid," named for the ancient inhabitants of the region. The Irish Uladh with the addition of the Old Norse "stadr" (meaning "place" or "territory") yields "Uladh Stadr," in English it translates to "Ulster."

The word cúige (pronounced "Kooi-gah") originally meant 'a fifth,' as in one-fifth part of Ireland, and comes from the fact that Meath, as seat of the High King of Ireland, was once a province in its own right, incorporating modern counties Meath, Westmeath and parts of surrounding counties. Meath was later absorbed into Leinster.

Names of counties
Most of the counties were named after a town in that county, usually an administrative centre. Some of these towns, such as Louth, have declined into small villages or have lost their county town status to other towns. Counties not named after towns include County Clare, County Fermanagh, County Kerry, and County Westmeath.

The 32 counties (contaetha - singular: contae) of Ireland are known as:

• Antrim - Aontroim - "single building," referring to an early church north of the town of Antrim.
• Armagh - Ard Mhacha - Celtic Queen Macha (600 BCE) gave her name to the city and county. Armagh in Irish means the "Height of Macha" and reflects the fact that the city developed on the hill overlooking Emain Macha or "Navan Fort."
• Carlow - Ceatharlach - either "City of the Lake" or "Four Lakes." It is thought that the Barrow / Burrin confluence in Carlow town took up a large area of land, forming a lake, or, as some believe, four lakes.
• Cavan - An Cabhán - derives its name from Cavan town, which is nestled in between two drumlins. A drumlin (Irish droimnín a little hill ridge) is an elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Cavan (an Cabhán) means the hollow place.
• Clare - An Clár - "plain" and refers to the fact that the land is remarkably flat in this area.
• Cork - Corcaigh - Cork City's name is derived from the Irish word meaning "marshy place," referring to its situation on the River Lee. The county derives it name from the city.
• Derry - Doire - an anglicisation of the Irish doire ("oak grove"), it comes from the settlement's original name Daire Calgaich, translating as "oakwood of Calgach."
• Donegal - Dún na nGall - "fort of the foreigner," so called from having repelled the numerous Viking raids on the county in the 8th and 9th centuries.
• Down - An Dún - "Fort"
• Dublin - Baile Áth Cliath - The name Dublin is a derivative of "Dubh Linn" (Irish, meaning "black pool"). The common name for the city is "Baile Átha Cliath" (The Settlement of the Ford of the Reed Hurdles), which refers to the original settlement.
• Fermanagh - Fear Manach - so called from the tribe of Fir-Monach (O'Dugan). The "Men of Monach" were originally a Leinster tribe.
• Galway - Gaillimh - The city and the county takes their name from the Abhainn na Gaillimhe (River Corrib) that formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, which was called Dún Bhun na Gaillimhe or the fort at the bottom of the Gaillimh. The word Galway (in Irish, Gaillimh) means "stony" as in "stony river."
• Kerry - Ciarraí - from Ciar, son of Fergus Mac Roy, by Meava or Maud, who was the celebrated Queen of Connaught a short time BCE. In the 1st century, Ciar received a large territory in Munster and named it Ciar Rioghact (Ciar's Kingdom), which was anglicised to Kerry.
• Kildare - Cill Dara - in Old Irish meaning "Church of the Oak"
• Kilkenny - Cill Chainnigh - the Church of (Saint) Canice (also Kenny or Kenneth). His Irish foundations were Drumachose, two miles southeast of Limavady, Kilkenny West, in County Westmeath, and the great Abbey of Aghaboe in Ossory, Queens County. Tradition asserts that he founded a monastery in Kilkenny by the round tower and cathedral that bears his name.
• Laois - Laois - formerly anglicised as Leix, means "(place of the people of) Lugaid Laigde," the son of Eochaid mac Oiliolla. He was a legendary High King of Ireland who was granted lands there after he had driven invading forces from Munster.
• Leitrim - Liatroim - from Liath Druim, or "grey ridge."
• Limerick - Luimneach - The city and the county take their name from Luimneach (Irish meaning "the flat area"). This originally referred to the general area along the banks of the Shannon Estuary, which was known as Loch Luimnigh.
• Longford - Longfort - Longford town was originally set up by the Viking raiders as a Long Phort. In Irish, long means ship and phoirt is port or dock. The Celtic inhabitants of Ireland did not build towns, but the town came under the sway of the local clan who controlled the south and central part of the county of Longford (formerly the Kingdom of Anghaile or Annaly) and hence the town is referred to occasionally as Longphort Uí Fhearghail (Fort of O'Farrell).
• Louth - Lú - derived from the Irish word "Lú," which refers to the River Lud (Irish for "hollow").
• Mayo - Maigh Eo - plain of yew trees. In the ancient Celtic world the yew tree had extraordinary importance. Catuvolcus, chief of the Eburones (sons of the yew), poisoned himself with yew rather than submit to Rome.
• Meath - An Mhí - meaning "Middle," because it was the middle province
• Monaghan - Muineachán - from a diminutive plural form of the Irish word muine meaning "brake" (a thickly overgrown area). It refers to the density of drumlins in the area, those small hills formed from glacial action.
• Offaly - Uibh Fhailí - derived from the Irish "Uibh Fháile," meaning Failghe's People.
• Roscommon - Ros Comáin - St Coman's Wood - stems from the Irish word "Ros," meaning a gentle terrain with plenty of trees and "Comáin," the name of the county's famous Irish saint and the first bishop of the Holy See.
• Sligo - Sligeach - "an area abounding in shells."
• Tipperary - Tiobraid Árainn - the well of Era, referring to the River Ara
• Tyrone - Tír Eoghain - from the ancient division of the north-west of Ireland between the two sons of Niall of the Nine Hostages, Conall and Eoghan. Most of what is now Donegal became Tír Conaill, Conall's land, while the remainder went to Eoghan.
• Waterford - Port Láirge - Waterford derives its name from "Vedrarfjord," an Old Norse word meaning "windy fjord" or "haven from the wind-swept sea." In Irish, it is Port Láirge.
• Westmeath - An Larmhí - from the Irish "an Lar Mhi," meaning west of Meath.
• Wexford - Loch Garman - from the principal town, Wexford, founded by Vikings and named by them "Waesfjord," meaning "inlet of the mud-flats" in the Old Norse language.
• Wicklow - Cill Mhantáin - derived from the Viking "Vykinglo," the original settlements founded by the Vikings in the 8th century

Names of cities

• Belfast - Béal Feirste - "The sandy ford at the river mouth"
• Cork - Corcaigh - "marshy place," referring to its situation on the River Lee
• Derry - Doire - an anglicisation of the Irish doire ("oak grove"), it comes from the settlement's original name Daire Calgaich, translating as "oakwood of Calgach."
• Dublin - Baile Átha Cliath - The name Dublin is a derivative of "Dubh Linn" (Irish, meaning "black pool"). The common name for the city is "Baile Átha Cliath" (The Settlement of the Ford of the Reed Hurdles), which refers to the original settlement.
• Galway - Gaillimh - The city and the county takes their name from the Abhainn na Gaillimhe (River Corrib) that formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, which was called Dún Bhun na Gaillimhe or the fort at the bottom of the Gaillimh. The word Galway (in Irish, Gaillimh) means "stony" as in "stony river."
• Kilkenny - Cill Chainnigh - the Church of (Saint) Canice (also Kenny or Kenneth). His Irish foundations were Drumachose, two miles southeast of Limavady, Kilkenny West, in County Westmeath, and the great Abbey of Aghaboe in Ossory, Queens County. Tradition asserts that he founded a monastery in Kilkenny by the round tower and cathedral that bears his name.
• Limerick - Luimneach - The city and the county take their name from Luimneach (Irish meaning "the flat area"). This originally referred to the general area along the banks of the Shannon Estuary, which was known as Loch Luimnigh.
• Lisburn - Lios na gCearrbhach - "fort of the gamblers"
• Newry - an tIúr - "the yew tree"
• Waterford - Port Láirge - Waterford derives its name from "Vedrarfjord," an Old Norse word meaning "windy fjord" or "haven from the wind-swept sea." In Irish, it is Port Láirge.

Names of towns

• Abbeyfeale - Mainistir na Féile - Abbey of the river Feale
• Abbeyleix - Mainistir Laoise - Abbey of Laois
• Abbeyshrule - Mainistir Shruthla - Abbey of the stream
• Ardagh - Ardach - High field
• Ardee - Baile Átha Fhirdhia - derived from Áth Fhirdia (the Ford of the Ferdia), the mythological four day battle between Cúchulainn and Ferdiad, for the defence of Ulster from Queen Maeve of Connacht.
• Ardfert - Ard Fhearta - Hill of the grave
• Arklow - An tInbhear Mór - the large estuary
• Athlone - Baile Átha Luain - town of the ford of Luan or, according to local historians, Ford of the Moon
• Athenry - Baile Átha an Rí - Ford of the Kings
• Aughrim - Eachroim or Eachdhroim - horse ridge"
• Balbriggan - Baile Brigín - name arises from "Baile Bhrecan," which literally means "Brecan's Town"
• Ballina - Béal an Átha or Béal Átha an Fheadha - mouth of the ford
• Ballinahinch - Baile na hInse - Town of the river meadow
• Ballinrobe - Baile an Róba
• Ballinasloe - Béal Átha na Sluaighe - mouth of the ford of the crowds. The latter part of the name suggests the town has been a meeting place since ancient times.
• Ballybunion - Baile an Bhuinneanáigh - Bunnion's place
• Ballycastle - Baile an Chaisil - townland of the castle
• Ballyinasloe - Béal Átha Sluaighe - Ford mouth of the crowds
• Ballymena - An Baile Meánach - middle townland
• Ballyshannon - Béal Átha Seanaidh - Town at the mouth of the Shannon
• Baltimore - Dún na Séad - (baile an tí mhóir) meaning "settlement of the big house." the Irish name for Baltimore is that of the O'Driscoll castle, Dún na Séad ("fort of the jewels"), the remains of which still dominate the town.
• Bangor - Beannchar - may be derived from the Irish Beannchar meaning a staked enclosure. It may also derive from an Old Norse word meaning a horn, rocks, or a peaked hill, and could refer to Bangor’s rocky coastline.
• Belmullet - Béal an Mhuirthid
• Blackrock - Carraig Dhubh
• Borris - Buiríos Uí Léigh
• Borris-in-Ossory - Buiríos Osraí
• Boyle - Mainistir na Buaille
• Bray - Brí Chualann - hill or rising ground
• Bunalty - Bun Aillte - Bottom of the cliff
• Bunratty - Bun Raite - Mouth of the river Ratty
• Cahersiveen - Cathair Sadhbhín - Little Sadhbh's (Siveen's) Stone Fort (monastic settlement)
• Cahir - Cathair Dún Iascaigh - stonefort of the fish
• Cahermore - Cathair Mór - Big fort
• Cappoquin - Ceapach Chaoin
• Carnew - Carn na Bhua - Burial place of the victory
• Carndonagh - Carn Domhnach - Burial mound of the church
• Carrickfergus - Carraig Fhearghasa - "Rock of Fergus," It takes its name from Fergus Mór mac Eirc, the 6th century king of Dál Riata.
• Carrigallen - Carraig Álainn - Beautiful Rock
• Carrick-on-Shannon - Cora Droma Rúisc
• Carrigaline - Carraig Uí Leighin - rock of Lyons
• Cashel - Caiseal - Ring fort
• Castlebar - Caisleán an Bharraigh
• Castleconnell - Caisleán Uí gConaing - Castle of Connell
• Castlederg - Caisleán na Deirge - Castle on the River Derg
• Castleisland - Oileán Chiarraí - Castle on an island
• Castlerea - an Caisleán Riabhach - Brindled Castle or Caisleán Rí (King's Castle)
• Castlemaine - Casleán na Mainge - Castle on the River Maine
• Castleknock - Caisléan Cnucha - Castle on the hill
• Castletownbere - Baile Caisléan Bheartá - Town of Bear's Castle
• Celbridge - Cill Droichid - Church by the Bridge
• Claremorris - Clár Chlainne Mhuiris
• Clifden - An Clochán - bee-hive cell
• Clones - Cluain Eois - Eos's meadow
• Clonfert - Cluain Fearta - Meadow of the graves
• Clonmel - Cluain Meala - Meadow of honey
• Cloughjordan - Cloch Shiurdáin - There is a story which relates that the first De Marisco, who resided here, was a Norman knight who had travelled to the Holy Land to take part in a Crusade against the Saracen invaders. He is said to have brought back a stone from the River Jordan which he built in over the doorway of this castle and it was from that stone that the village got its name – the Stone of Jordan – Clogh Shiúrdáin – Cloughjordan
• Coalisland - Oileán an Ghuail - Coal Island
• Cobh - An Cóbh - derived from English "the cove." The locality, which had had several different Irish-language names, was first referred to as Cove ("the Cove of Cork") in 1750. It was renamed Queenstown in 1849 to commemorate a visit by Queen Victoria and so remained until the name Cobh (closer to the Irish spelling) was restored in 1922 with the foundation of the Irish Free State.
• Coleraine - Cúil Raithne - Ferny corner
• Cookstown - An Chorr Chríochach - It was founded in 1609 by planter Alan Cooke.
• Dalkey - Deilginis - thorny island
• Derrybawn - Doirí Bán - White oak grove
• Derryharney - Doirí Charna - Kearneys' oak grove
• Dingle - An Daingean or Daingean Uí Chúis - Fortress of Hussey, the Husseys being a Flemish family that came to the area in the 13th Century. On Easter Monday 2005, the Irish Government officially abolished the name Dingle. The 2005 Placenames Order (backed up by the legislation of the 2002 Official Languages Act), decreed that henceforth Dingle shall no longer have any legal force or effect, it must not appear in Acts of the Oireachtas, Statutory Declarations, Ordinance Survey Maps, Land Registry Maps, or on any Local Authority road or street signposts. The town is now officially known as “An Daingean.” The same Order granted equal status to the Irish and English Placename of all other towns in Ireland, – outside the Gaeltacht.
• Donegal - Dún na nGall - fort of the foreigner," so called from having repelled the numerous Viking raids on the County in the 8th and 9th centuries.
• Doonbeg - Dún Beag - The Little Fort
• Downpatrick - Dún Phádraig - Patrick's fort
• Drogheda - Droichead Átha - Bridge of the Ford
• Dundalk - Dún Dealgan - Dalga’s fort
• Dungannon - Dún Geanainn - Geanann's fort
• Dungarvan - Dún Garbháin - Garbhan's fort, referring to Saint Garbhan who founded a church there in the seventh century
• Dunquin - Dún Chaoin - Pleasant Fort
• Dunmanway - Dún Maonmhuí - There is disagreement over the meaning and origin of the town's name. Various sources list its meaning as "the castle of the yellow river," "the castle on the little plain," "the fort of the gables (or pinnacles)," and "the fort of the yellow women."
• Ennis - Inis (by the river) - a shortening of the original Inis Cluain Ramh Fhada ("Long Rowing Meadow Island")
• Enniscorthy - Inis Córthaidh - derives from the Irish Gaelic word for island (Inis) and what is thought to be an ancient personal name (Córthaidh).
• Enniskean - Inis Céin - Cian's land by the river
• Enniskillen - Inis Ceithleann - Kathleen's Island
• Eyrecourt - Dún an Uchta - The Eyres after whom the village is named, as well as other places such as Eyre Square in Galway City, were an English family who came over with Cromwell.
• Fermoy - Mainistir Fhear Maí - Monastery of the Men of the Plain
• Foynes - Faing
• Foxford - Béal Easa - Mouth of the rapids/waterfall
• Glasnevin - Glas Naíon - Stream of the Infants; also known as Glas Naedhe - O'Naeidhe’s Stream (after an ancient Chieftain)
• Glendalough - Gleann Dá Loch - Valley of the two lakes
• Glengarrif - An Gleann Garbh - Town of the rocky valley
• Gorey - Guaire
• Gort - Gort - Field
  (Gort Inse Guaire - from Guaire Aidhneach, the sixth century King of Connacht and patron of St. Colman Mac Duach. An Gort is the official Irish name for the town, as defined by the Placenames Commission. However, the town is known by its traditional name Gort Inse Guaire in spoken Irish. )
• Greystones - Na Clocha Liatha - takes its name from the stones found on the North Beach, which are predominantly grey.
• Inishbofin - Inis Bó Finne - Island of the white cow
• Inishfree - Inis Fraoigh - Island of heather
• Kanturk - Ceann Toirc - Boar's Head
• Kells - Ceanannas (Mór) - Great Chief Abode
• Kenmare - An Neidín - The Irish name for the town "An Neidín" translates into English as "The Little Nest." The name Kenmare is the anglicised form of Ceann Mhara "head of the sea," which refers to the furthest point inland reached by the sea.
• Kilcock - Cill Choca - Church of Coca; from the 6th century Saint Coca, who founded a church beside the river Rye, and who is traditionally said to have been a sister of St. Kevin of Glendalough; by occupation she was an embroiderer of church vestments, including those for St. Colmcille.
• Kilmainham - Cill Mhaighneann
• Killala - Cill Ala -
• Killaloe - Cill Dalua
• Killarney - Cill Airne - Church of the sloe berries. The sloe is the fruit of the blackthorn tree, which is found in abundance in the area
• Killiney - Cill Iníon Léinín - church of the daughters of Leinin
• Killybegs - Na Cealla Beaga
• Kincasslagh - Cionn Caslach - Head of the inlet
• Kinsale - Ceann tSáile - Head of the sea
• Knock - Cnoc Mhuire - Hill of (the Virgin) Mary
• Knockboy - An Cnoc Buí - Yellow hill
• Knockcroghery - Cnoc an Chrochaire - Hill of the hangman
• Leixlip - Léim an Bhradáin - from the Viking Lax Hlaup, which means "leap of the salmon." The name in Irish is also a direct reflection of this
• Letterfinish - Leitir Fionnuisce - Hill of the clear water
• Letterfrack - Leitir Fraic - Frac's hillside
• Letterkenny - Leitir Ceanainn - Hillside of the O'Cannons
• Lifford - Leifear
• Lisdoonvarna - Lios Dúin Bhearna - Enclosure of the broken fort
• Listowel - Lios Tuathail - Tuathal's fort
• Loughanure - Loch an Iúir - Lake of the yew
• Loughrea - Baile Locha Riach - Town of the grey lake
• Louisburgh - Cluain Cearbáin
• Lucan - Leamhcán
• Lurgan - An Lorgain - the long low ridge of land
• Malahide - Mullach Íde - The modern name Malahide (Mullagh h-Ide) derives from around the 12th century, meaning the sandhills of the Hydes, a Norman family from the Donabate area
• Mallow - Maigh Eala (preferred and historical) or Mala - Magh Ealla in Irish means 'Plain of the Swans'. The more recent Irish Mala or even Mála are government inspired re-Gaelicisations of "Mallow" (itself an Anglicization of Magh Eala).
• Maynooth - Maigh Nuad - the plain of Nuada, who is referred to as the maternal grandfather of the legendary Fionn mac Cumhail in the Annals of the Four Masters.
• Midleton - Mainistir na Corann - Monastery at the Weir (River); The town, now named Midleton or “Middle Town” because of its stop-off status between Cork and Youghal, was incorporated as a market town and postal depot in 1670, receiving its charter from Charles II.
• Milltown Malbay - Sráid na Cathrach
• Millstreet - Sráid an Mhuilinn - Mill Street
• Moneygall - Muine Gall - Grove of the foreigners
• Monivea - Muine Mheá - Grove of the mead
• Mountcharles - Tamhnach an tSalainn - hill of salt, refers to an old practice of running seawater down "salthill" on dry days and collecting the salt after the water had evaporated. The Gaelic translation of Mount Charles ("Moin Searlas") is in disuse
• Moyglass - Maigh Ghlas - The green plain
• Moyvalley - Magh Bhealaigh - The plain of the road
• Muckinagh - Muiceannach - Place of Pigs
• Muckross - Mucros - Pig woods
• Mullingar - An Muileann gCearr - the left-handed mill (or the Wry-Mill)
• Mulranny - Maoil Raithne - Hill of the Ferns
• Naas - Nás na Rí - Meeting Place of Kings (because of its ancient location as a cross-roads to and from Dublin, and its traditional location as the principal governmental administrative centre in the county.)
• Navan - An Uaimh - The Cave
• Nenagh - an tAonach or Aonach Urmhumhan - Nenagh was originally a market town and its name in Irish, An tAonach, means Ormonde (East Munster) Fair.
• Newcastle - an Caisleán Nua - from the Castle (in Co. Wicklow), built by the Normans on an earlier Irish fortification in the territory of the O'Byrne's
• Newbridge (Co. Kildare) - An Droichead Nua - The New Bridge
• Newbridge (Co. Galway) - Gort an Iomaire - bridge over the Shiven River
• Newport (Co. Mayo) - Baile Uí Fhiacháin -
• Newport (Co. Tipperary) - Tulach Sheasta
• New Ross - Ros Mhic Triúin - Its name, Ros, was shortened from Ros Mhic Treoin, or the Wood of the Son of Treon.
• Newtownabbey - Baile na Mainistreach
• Newtownards - Baile Nua na hArda
• Owenduff - Abhainn Dubh - Black river
• Owenmore - Abhainn Mór - Big River
• Portadown - Port an Dúnáin - port of the fortress
• Rathcoole - Ráth Cúil - Fort of the secluded place
• Rathvilly - Ráth Bhile - Fort of the sacred tree
• Roscrea - Roscré - wood of Cré," Cré being a female name of olden times
• Rosslare - Ros Láir - the middle headland
• Shannonbridge - Rachra -
• Shankill - Sean Chill - old church; there is little evidence of any religious activity or a church in the area at the time when this name was first used, and it is said that the name actually comes from the Irish "Sean Coillte," meaning "old woods"
• Skerries - Na Sceirí - from the Norse word Skere, which has descended into Hiberno-English as Skerry meaning a small coastal island, a Skerries being a group of them
• Sleivenamon - Slaibh na mBan - Mountain of the women
• Sleiverue - Slaibh Rua - Red Mountain
• Sneem - An tSnaidhm - The Irish name for the town translates into the English "The Knot." There are several explanations as to why a "knot" would be relevant for this small Kerry village. First, and most obviously, the Sneem river flows through the village and it is said that a knot-like swirling takes place when the river meets the currents of Kenmare Bay in the estuary just below the village. Sneem village comprises 2 squares, North and South. There is a bridge in the middle of the village which if looked at from an aerial perspective acts as a knot between the two village squares. A less common explanation is that Sneem is the knot in the famed Ring of Kerry scenic tourist drive. In order to complete the Ring of Kerry, one must pass through the village of Sneem and, therefore, could be viewed as "the knot."
• Spiddal - An Spidéal
• Strabane - an tSraith Bhán - Fair River Valley or White Strand
• Strokestown - Mainistir na mBuillí
• Swords - Sórd - Legend has it that Saint Colmcille (521-567) blessed a local well, giving the town its name Sórd meaning "clear" or "pure." However, An Sórd also means "the water source" and could indicate a large communal drinking well that existed in antiquity.
• Tallaght - Tamhlacht or Tamhlacht na Lobhar - plague burial place
• Thurles - Dúrlas Éile
• Tobercurry - Tobar an Choire - Well of the cauldron
• Tralee - Trá Lí - strand of the Lee (river); some believe it comes from the Irish "Trá Liath" meaning "grey strand"
• Tramore - an Trá Mhór - big strand (or beach)
• Tuam - Tuaim (dhá Ghualainn)
• Tubber - An Tobar - The well
• Tullaherin - Tullach Iarainn - The little iron hill
• Tullylease - Tullach Léis - Little hill of the huts
• Tullow - an Tulach
• Tullamore - an Tulach Mhór
• Waterville - an Coireán - "The Little Whirlpool"
• Westport - Cathair na Mart
• Youghal - Eochaill - derived from the yew woods (Eochaill) that were once plentiful in the area

• Shankill Road - Bóthar na Seanchille - old church
• Falls Road - Bóthar na bhFál - road of the hedgerows
• O'Connell Street - Sráid Uí Chonaill - named it in honour of Daniel O'Connell
• Grand Parade (Cork) - Sráid an Chapaill Bhuí
• Patrick Street - Sráid Phádraig